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Cold War as a Form of Confl ict Interaction between Superpowers in a Bipolar WorldMoscow University Bulletin. Series 8: History 2021. 5. p.97-117read more740
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The article examines the influence of the Cold War on the general dynamics of the international relations in the second half of the20th and early 21st centuries. It focuses on the reasons of the stability of this form of the conflict interaction between the US and USSR/Russia. Although the historiography extensively deals with the Cold War, the authors emphasizes that a number of issues concerning its fundamental characteristics remain insuffi ciently elucidated. Among them are the criteria for classifying any conflict or event as a manifestation of the Cold War. The article indicates the ways to find answers to some important questions concerning the Cold War, reviews its wide-spread historiographic concepts, and analyzes in its context such fundamental concepts of international relations as “sovereignty” and “security”. The authors offer the reasons for the continuation of the Cold War after the collapse of the USSR and the end of the bloc confrontation. Special attention is paid to the different phases of the Cold War, its transformations and the reasons that led to them. The research also answers the question of what factors influenced the intensity of the Cold War, intensified its heat and at the same time prevented its escalation into a full-scale “hot war” by a wide range of weapons of mass destruction. The authors express their point of view on whether the Cold War should be considered as a dangerous anomaly that threatens the development of the world community, or on the contrary, this global confrontation allowed to transform the conflict tensions between the world’s largest military powers into a relative strategic stability. The article highlights the issues in the history of the Cold War that require further study or conceptual clarifi cation. Particular attention is paid to the currently widespread approach of considering the most signifi cant confrontations of the late 20th and early 21st centuries in terms of the Cold War.
Keywords: superpowers; Cold War; bipolar system; balance of power; sovietamerican relations; détente; international conflict
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The jubilee of the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow state universityMoscow University Bulletin. Series 8: History 2024. 4. p.3-15read more19
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The article is timed to coincide with two jubilees: the 90th anniversary of the Faculty of History of Moscow University (2024) and the 270th anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University (2025). It covers the fundamental issues of the training of historians at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. A number of problems related to the transition to a new system of education is concerned, which will be introduced instead of the two-tier model of bachelor’s and master’s degrees that has existed for almost a decade and a half. It is noted that the new system will be a development of the integrated master’s program implemented at MSU, which proves the correctness of the course taken at the university for a full cycle and continuity of higher education. The author also gives due consideration to the impending reform of the training of scientific personnel in postgraduate studies and within the framework of the procedure for obtaining a PhD candidate degree without enrolment in a doctoral program. He considers the results of the introduction of the system of own doctoral examining boards at MSU, emphasizing its advantages in comparison with the system of doctoral examining boards of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, and highlighting the ways of solving the problems arising in connection with their activity. The publication program of the Faculty, as part of the series “Proceedings of the Faculty of History of MSU” is described, and the scientific journals published by the Faculty are also presented. The work of the Faculty and its employees within the framework of the MSU Scientifi c and Educational School “Preservation of the World Cultural and Historical Heritage” is presented in detail. It is noteworthy that the Faculty actively engages in all aspects of the School’s endeavors, including the implementation of interdepartmental and interdisciplinary master’s programs, as well as scientific research within the framework of grants. Approximately 40 faculty members have been s elected as recipients of these grants within the School’s domains of activity, namely “Preservation of the World Cultural and Historical Heritage” and “Fundamental and Applied Space Research”. The staff and students of the Faculty of History have contributed signifi cantly to the implementation of Moscow State University’s strategic project, “The Golden Fund of MSU”, which focuses on the study and description of unique collections held by the University, as well as the publication of their catalogues. The article provides information on the faculty’s contributions to the preparations for the 270th anniversary of Moscow UniversityKeywords: Faculty of History of MSU, higher historical education, 90th anniversary of the MSU Faculty of History, training of professional historians, scientifi c and educational schools at MSU, 270th anniversary of Moscow University.
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